Osteoarthritis of the hip joint is a progressive disease that destroys the cartilage and bone of the hip joint (abbreviated to TBS). Another name of the disease – osteoarthritis.
The disease develops after age 40, more common in women. According to statistics, in elderly patients osteoarthritis TBS – 70% of cases occur due to natural aging. Young able-bodied people develop osteoarthritis because of the impact on the joint adverse factors: intense physical exertion, injury, obesity.
The initial stage of the disease is manifested by periodic pain in the region of the hip joint, is not a major concern, so are often not encouraged to go to the doctor. However, without treatment, the pathology continues to progress and can even lead to disability. To avoid disability and preserve traditional ways of life – the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip is necessary, and it must start at the first sign of the disease.
Later in this article we will explain in detail about the essence of the disease, its causes, symptoms and principles of treatment. This information will help you to suspect arthritis in the early stages and in time to see a doctor. Treat the pathology needs a rheumatologist after a thorough examination of – self leads to the progression of osteoarthritis and the development of complications.
The hip joint is the largest joint in the human body. He carries a tremendous load during the movement and has a narrow joint space, making it vulnerable to adverse factors.
The hip joint is formed by head of femur and acetabular cavity the pelvic bone, on the outside bag strengthened articular and muscular-ligamentous apparatus.
Inside joint capsule is lined with synovial membrane. It synthesizes synovial fluid, a biological lubricant that nourishes the joint and provides smooth movement in iuncturam. Intra-articular surfaces of the bones are covered with elastic and shiny hyaline cartilage that performs the damping function during walking. The correct anatomical structure and functional activity of all structures of the joint allows for normal physical activity without limitation and pain.
Due to age-related changes in the body or the effect of adverse factors impaired blood flow and metabolism in the joint. Cartilage loses water, becomes less elastic and fragile, its surface cracks – these are the first signs of osteoarthritis
The progression of the disease leads to formation of defects of cartilage, wear and cracking. Particles of cartilage into the joint cavity and cause aseptic or "sterile" inflammation, occurring without the participation of pathogenic microorganisms.
Further, the inflammatory process extends to the bone, causing avascular necrosis (necrosis) areas of the acetabulum and the femoral head. Formed bony growths – osteophytes – which can injure surrounding tissue, exacerbating the inflammatory process and cause intense pain.
In the advanced stage of the disease there are signs periarthritis' when affects the periarticular soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, nerves, vessels).
The final disease – the complete destruction of the joint, which leads to its immobilization to ankylosis of the hip joint.
Osteoarthritis of the hip can be primary and secondary.
The primary form of the disease | Secondary |
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The cause of osteoarthritis is unknown (not set). Primary or idiopathic osteoarthritis often develops in old age after reaching 50-60 years, is characterized by symmetrical lesions of the hip joint and has a unfavorable course. |
Secondary osteoarthritis develops on the background of various diseases. The causes of this form of osteoarthritis in many ways similar to adverse factors of degenerative disease in other joints. However, some causes are inherent only in coxarthrosis (i.e. they are not "adverse factors"): for example, dysplastic pathology of the hip joint and Perthes disease (necrosis of the femoral head). |
The main causes of osteoarthritis of the hip joint:
Secondary osteoarthritis usually develops at a young age, affects one hip, has a slow progressive course and favorable outcome with timely treatment to the doctor.
The symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip joint depending on the stage of the disease, the severity and individual characteristics of the organism. Signs of any arthritis have a slow progressive course with gradual increasing pain, limitation of motor activity of the affected limb and impairment of quality of life.
Clinical and radiographic signs of isolated grade 3 pathology.
Phase changes of the joint for osteoarthritis, for example, lesions of the knee. Click on photo to enlarge.
The initial portion occurs without significant symptoms, and therefore usually perceived by patients is not serious, and they put off a visit to the doctor. The guarantee of recovery is early diagnosis and treatment of 1-th stage of the disease. Otherwise, to completely restore the structure of the joint is extremely difficult, treatment takes a long time and often does not give positive effect.
Effectively treated 1 the degree of the disease is possible by means of conservative methods.
For treatment of the disease at this stage prescribe medications that slow the progression of disease and further destruction of the cartilage.
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint of 3 degrees – the final stage, which leads to impaired motor activity of the legs and causes of disability.
To treat grade 3 osteoarthritis can only be surgically removed.
Principles – how to treat osteoarthritis depend on the severity of the disease. At the first degree can be completely conservative methods to restore the structure of cartilage, while the second is to stop the progression of the disease, and the third degree requires radical treatment with surgery.
Group of drugs | The therapeutic effect |
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples of medications. |
Anti-inflammatory effect, eliminates pain syndrome. They are used as symptomatic treatment. |
The glucocorticoids. |
Have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Doctors prescribe them with the ineffectiveness of NSAIDs. |
Chondroprotectors. |
Restores the structure of cartilage, normalizes the production of synovial fluid, prevent breakdown of cartilage. Chondroprotectors eliminate the cause of the disease and therefore the symptoms. Their drinking rates at 3-6 months. |
Hyaluronic acid ("liquid denture"). |
These medications are injected into the joint cavity, and they replace the synovial fluid that lubricates joint surfaces and provide painless movement. |
The muscle relaxants. |
Reduce pathological muscle spasm, normalize blood flow, reduce pain. |
Traction of the joint. |
Stretches the capsule of the joint, relieves the articular surface of the bone. |
Restores the correct anatomical position of the joint components, improves blood flow and metabolism.
Strengthens muscles and ligaments, and normalizes motor activity in iuncturam.
The final stage arthritis not amenable to drug therapies that are prescribed as a means of support. In this situation surgery to replace his joint. In the rehabilitation period prescribed massage and complex therapeutic exercises to restore motor activity.
In the General case of osteoarthritis of the hip joint has a favorable prognosis with timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease.